Geophysics

Geophysics, a major branch of the Earth sciences and a sub discipline of Physics, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. As the name implies, geophysics involves the application of physical theories and measurements to discover the properties of the earth. Geophysics is the term used to describe the study of the Earth's surface, core, geological levels and anything impacting the planet such as gravity, electric and magnetic forces. Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Career fields in geophysics include working in magnetics, seismology and geodesy. Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origin dates back to ancient history. Many geophysical phenomena such as earth's magnetic field and earthquakes have been investigated since the ancient era. The first magnetic compass and use of geophysics for navigation, exploration dates back to ancient period. Geophysicists study the structure, composition and the physical aspects of the earth and its atmosphere and apply scientific principles in order to solve problems. These scientists use geophysical methods to study the Earth and its composition, including its atmosphere, internal make-up, oceans, electrical and other fields. Geophysicists, involved in field investigation; measure, examine, and explore the physical properties of earth, from below the ground to the atmosphere or from the depths of the ocean to the top of the volcanoes. Geophysicists are involved in environmental studies, archaeological excavations, water resource management, forensic investigations, the Earth's climate, and the causes and prediction of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides and tsunamis. Geophysicists examine the physical aspects of earth with the help of radar, dynamite, computers, magnetometers and gravimeters. Geophysics being an interdisciplinary field, apply the principles and concepts of physics, mathematics, geology and engineering to the study of the physical characteristics of the Earth and other planets. Exploration for coal, petroleum, minerals and water, concern about the environment, and the disposal of hazardous waste are just a few of the challenging areas which will require the skills of trained geophysicists. Geophysics can be divided into two broad categories (i) whole earth geophysics, and (ii) applied geophysics. Whole earth geophysics or global geophysics involves the study of physical processes spanning the entire earth such as those associated with plate tectonics, earthquakes and the earth’s magnetic field. Applied geophysics involves the application of geophysical principles and methods for locating subsurface petroleum, mineral deposits, and water supplies, the investigation of subsurface structures etc. Geophysicists may specialize their study in areas like the Earth's magnetic and gravitational fields, planetary movement and seismic activity. ________________________________________ Eligibility To become a Geophysicist a degree in earth science, geophysics or geology is required. Those with a strong background in physics, mathematics or computer science can take a course in Geophysics. Geophysics can be studied at the masters and Ph.D. levels. IITs in India offer M.Sc/ M.Sc.-Ph.D Dual Degree programme. For M.Sc. program in geophysics candidates with minimum 50 per cent marks in B.Sc mathematics and physics as subjects are eligible. Positions in research requires masters degree. Studies include a foundation in geology, geophysics, physics, mathematics and chemistry and geophysical fundamentals covering geophysical exploration, global studies, rock properties, and data acquisition methods. Personal attributes A geophysicist must have a strong science background, a curious mind, and a fascination for natural phenomena. They must have an analytical mind and good communication skills, both verbal and written as many geoscientists work in teams. Candidates must also have ability to solve problems and enjoy technical work. Geophysicist must be detail-oriented, organized, and methodical in their approach to researching and evaluating samples and other items in their field of study. As most of their work involve field work, they must be physically fit and have stamina.